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Philip H. Smith, August 2016

Introduction

Together with the adjacent Seaforth Docks complex (now Liverpool Free Port), Crosby Coastal Park was reclaimed from the Mersey Estuary in the late 1960s. The section studied here extends south from Crosby Baths to the Freeport fence (Fig. 1). It has an elongated triangular shape about 1.6km long with a maximum width of 0.8km at its southern end; a central National Grid Reference is SJ314980. The study site has an area of about 54ha, of which 26ha is occupied by a large Marine Lake, while a much smaller (1.4ha) boating lake lies to its north. A concrete promenade bounds the western edge of the site, beyond which lies a broad beach providing a source of wind-blown sand for dune ridges 30-80m wide that extend roughly north-south on either side of the promenade. These have formed since reclamation and represent the southernmost sand-dunes on the Sefton Coast. The northern section of the eastern ridge was largely removed in 2011 to provide 30,000 tonnes of sand for a coastal defence scheme at Hightown. There are two large fixed dunes north of the boating lake, these having been created artificially during the construction of a pumping station in 1995/96. Most of the rest of the site consists of sandy grassland, some areas being waterlogged in winter. A large proportion is regularly mowed and used for informal recreation by many visitors, some of whom are attracted by the Another Place art-work by Antony Gormley, consisting of 100 cast-iron statues on the adjacent shore. In the south-east corner of the Marine Lake is a small (2ha) nature reserve created in the early 1990s, consisting of marshy grassland surrounded by wet-woodland with two shallow excavated ponds. A nature trail on about 400 m of trackway was established here in 2016.

Designations

The Park and nearby intertidal zone has long been recognised for its wildlife interest. The foreshore and dune ridge west of the promenade lie within the Sefton Coast Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). This is also a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) under the EU Habitats Directive and a Special Protection Area (SPA) under the EU Birds Directive.  SACs and SPAs together form the Natura 2000 network of protected nature sites across Europe. The foreshore is also part of the Ribble and Alt Estuaries Ramsar Site, a wetland of international importance. The Park, including the dunes east of the promenade, is not statutorily protected but the 400ha Crosby Marine Lake, Park and Shore was designated in 2001 as a Site of Local Biological Interest, now a Local Wildlife Site under the Sefton Local Plan. The citation describes relict sand-dune habitats with a coastal lagoon, forming part of the coastal corridor for over-wintering and passage bird populations. Botanical interest was represented by an inventory of 170 plant species, of which one was Nationally Rare, one Nationally Scarce, nine regionally important and 10 locally rare.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 1. The Crosby Coastal Park study area

Botanical surveys

Many reports and published articles have been written on the botany of the Coastal Park, these being summarised below. Other records have been obtained from data submitted to the vice-county vascular plant recorder since 2004, together with casual observations. Nomenclature follows Stace (2010) and subsequent amendments.

Edmondson et al. (1988) studied the Park in 1988 as part of their comprehensive UK National Vegetation Classification (NVC) survey of the Sefton Coast but, unfortunately, did not include a species list. They found that little natural vegetation survived between the recently constructed sea-wall and residential areas but described new dunes forming in places to the west of the promenade and “climbing over” the sea-wall into the open space beyond. The outer dune ridge was mapped at about 450m long. Both ridges supported SD4: Elytrigia juncea foredune and SD5: Leymus arenarius mobile dune communities. Most of the open space was managed as short-mown amenity grassland, its vegetation being mapped as MG7: Lolium perenne ley, a seeded sward which they describe as “botanically uninteresting”. Some Red Fescue swards were found around the Marine Lake, having affinities with both MG7 and SD8: Festuca rubra-Galium verum fixed-dune. The area immediately south of Crosby Baths consisted of a mosaic of bare sand with SD4 and SD5 communities. Only small areas of scrub were found, comprising a few stands of Sea Buckthorn (SD18), Japanese Rose and Tree Lupin (for scientific names of species see Appendices).

A follow-up NVC survey of the Park was carried out seven years later by Edmondson (1995), again without a species list. She found that the conservation value of the amenity grassland had increased by the greater occurrence of sand-dune and maritime species, such as Bird’s-foot-trefoil, Red Fescue and Buck’s-horn Plantain, a particular feature being the spectacular flowering of Dandelion in spring. The dune ridges had increased in height and length, the outer ridge now being 750m long. The effect of trampling on dune vegetation was noted, though apart from a few pressure points there seemed little threat of erosion. However, there was a potential for blown sand to impact adjacent housing. Sea Holly appeared to have increased since 1988 but Edmondson did not find Isle of Man Cabbage, despite the fact that it had been introduced in 1992 during a conservation exercise (see below). A variety of wetland communities was recorded in the fenced-off nature reserve by the south-east corner of the Marine Lake. Garden waste dumping was noted as a cause of eutrophication and a source of non-native plants. Target notes listed introduced species associated with the interface between housing and the Park grassland, eighteen of these not found during later surveys being tabulated in Appendix 5. Another negative factor was heavy use of the Park by dog-walkers, leading to fouling near carparks and access points. She recommended relaxing the mowing regime in places to allow structural diversity and a wider range of species. A further suggestion was the introduction of native plants, though many of those listed have subsequently appeared by natural colonisation.

A third NVC survey of the Coastal Park took place in 2004 (Gateley & Michell 2004). By this time, coastal dynamism was affecting the managed swards. Thus, south of Crosby Baths, sand-blow had created a line of SD5 and SD6 dunes that had continued to grow, widen and mature. East of the mobile dune ridge, Gateley & Michell mapped an SD8 fixed-dune community, giving way to amenity grassland further south. In 2004, almost constant use of a tractor was needed to clear blown sand from the promenade. The area around the Marine Lake and boating lake had a run-down appearance with little diversity of sand-dune communities. However, the nature reserve now supported a range of orchid species, while drifts of marsh-orchids also occurred along the western edge of the Lake. The latter were lost when a footpath was constructed around the Lake in 2005. Areas of scrub had increased, with Sea Buckthorn, in particular, prolific to the west and south of the Lake.

Smith (2005) conducted a detailed botanical survey of the dune ridges and adjacent dune grassland in spring and summer 2005, identifying all the vascular plants and recording their relative abundance (Appendix 1). He also noted topography, land-use and habitat condition. Most of his study area consisted of undulating mobile (yellow) dunes dominated by Lyme-grass, Marram and Sand Couch. There was a local abundance of Sea Holly and Sea Spurge. The back-slope of the eastern ridge, with a gradient of 30 – 45^o, consisted of semi-fixed dunes with a high plant species-richness. Similar vegetation occurred on an area of low, undulating semi-fixed dunes which extended for about 400m south from Crosby Baths. This habitat was maintained by moderate trampling, Rabbit-grazing and a rain of blown sand from the mobile dunes and foreshore. Frequent sandy footpaths ran east-west through the eastern dune ridge but blow-out development was quite limited, indicating that public pressure was not excessive at that time, as noted earlier by Edmondson (1995).

The more recently formed ridge on the foreshore west of the promenade was steep-sided, susceptible to trampling damage and quite unstable with vegetation (mainly Lyme-grass) largely confined to the crest. Typical fixed (grey) dune vegetation was largely restricted to two reprofiled mounds north and south of the pumping station. The southernmost section of the eastern dune ridge, from the Marina sluice to the Free-port boundary, had also been reprofiled in the past to produce a plateau-like area of heavily Rabbit-grazed semi-fixed dunes with patches of Marram. North of the sluice were several large clumps of Sea Buckthorn.

Smith’s (2005) survey identified a total of 141 vascular plants (Appendix 1). Only 31 (22%) of these were non-native or introduced native taxa. Nine regionally or nationally notable plants were found. The Nationally Rare Dune Wormwood occurred as a single flourishing specimen just south of the pumping station (Fig. 2). Discovered in 2004, it was thought new to Britain (Smith & Wilcox 2006) until a second site in South Wales was reported (Twibell 2007). Both Twibell (2007) and Clement (2006) argued that this sub-species was native in Britain, having been overlooked or previously recorded as “alien”.  The Crosby plant was subsequently joined by three smaller individuals that had evidently grown from seed (Smith 2008; 2010a). Prof. Joan Vallés-Xirau of Barcelona University made a visit to see this small population in September 2008, collecting (with permission) some samples for his genetics research.  He wrote to Sefton’s Coast & Countryside Service (Vallés-Xirau in litt. 2008) detailing the botanical interest and condition of this dune area and emphasising the importance of its future conservation. In 2015, the Millennium Seed Bank at Kew requested a sample of seed from this population.

Also present in Smith’s study area was the Isle of Man Cabbage, a Nationally Scarce British endemic largely confined to Northwest England coasts. The Crosby colony on the central section of the inner dune ridge originated as a translocation in 1992 from a relict population about to be destroyed by development at Blundellsands (Smith 2007). It was monitored regularly and increased to about 650 plants in 2011. In the latter year, the dunes occupied by the Isle of Man Cabbage were removed for the Hightown coast protection scheme mentioned earlier (Fig. 3). Before works commenced, volunteers transplanted many small rosettes to the outer dune ridge in a rescue operation. During the 2011/12 winter, large quantities of sand from the extracted inner ridge were blown across the Park (Fig. 4). Despite heavy human trampling the remnants of the ridge slowly and partially re-vegetated over the next few years. An unexpected event was the appearance of large numbers of Isle of Man Cabbage plants, presumably from long-buried seed. By 2015, these totalled 1361 individuals, perhaps the largest population in Britain (Smith & Lockwood in press) (Fig. 5). The translocated colony on the outer ridge also increased, reaching 211 plants by 2015 (Smith & Lockwood in press). The disturbed ground of the inner ridge was also re-colonised by large populations of Sea Holly and Sea Spurge, both being regionally notable species. The Nationally Rare coastal form of Groundsel and the uncommon coastal grass, Rush-leaved Fescue, also appeared.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 2. Dune Wormwood near the pumping station.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 3. Crosby inner ridge after sand-extraction in autumn 2011

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 4. Sand-blow across the Park in winter 2011/12 after removal of the inner ridge

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 5. Recovery of Isle of Man Cabbage on Crosby inner dune ridge, June 2015

Smith (2012) conducted a botanical survey of the 2ha nature reserve in the south-east corner of the Marine Lake. Several major vegetation types were identified as follows:

• Wet woodland dominated by Alder up to 10m tall, with occasional Broad-leaved Osier, Grey Willow and Goat Willow, etc.
• Marshy grassland with Red Fescue, Creeping Bent, Yorkshire-fog, Creeping Buttercup, False Fox-sedge and several rush species. Southern Marsh-orchids occurred sporadically and some areas supported Marsh Helleborines. The eastern fringe was being invaded by dense Sea Buckthorn and scattered Alder
• Tall-herb communities on spoil excavated from the scrapes and ponds, comprising Great Willowherb and Reed Canary-grass, together with patches of Creeping Thistle, Dotted Loosestrife, Michaelmas-daisy, Japanese Rose, etc.
• Brackish-water communities on the lake fringe characterised by dense stands of Sea Club-rush with patches of Sea Milkwort, while transition zones with the marshy grassland supported much Parsley Water-dropwort.
• Ponds with spreading marginal vegetation consisting of Bulrush, with Sea Cub-rush, Soft Rush and Tufted Forget-me-not, etc.

A total of 101 vascular plants was identified (Appendix 2), plus eight additional taxa recorded during visits in 2004/05. Most of the plants recorded are common in Sefton, only six being listed as regionally or nationally notable. Nevertheless, this was quite high biodiversity for such a small area. Of particular interest was the presence of four orchid species and several indicators of brackish-water conditions, such as Parsley Water-dropwort which is quite localised on the Sefton Coast.

Smith & Lockwood (2010) studied the frontal dune ridge west of the promenade in 2010. The developing ridge was estimated to be 800m long, up to 30m wide and covered about 2.2ha. Only 30 vascular plants were recorded, two being regionally notable (Appendix 3). Where present, the vegetation was dominated by the dune-forming grasses, Sand Couch, Marram and Lyme-grass, the back-slope of the central region being a little more sheltered and stable with a wider range of species. An incipient strandline along the dune frontage consisted largely of scattered Sea Rocket. The ridge was subject to heavy and uncontrolled informal recreation, leading to loss of vegetation, severe wind-erosion and the deposition of large amounts of sand on the adjacent promenade. This required frequent mechanical clearance and had broken down the promenade railings in several places (Fig. 6).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 6.  Sand-blow, Crosby Promenade

Most recently, Smith et al. (in press) reported the discovery of Sea Couch in July 2016 on dunes to the west of Crosby baths (Fig. 7). This coastal grass was thought extinct in South Lancashire, Crosby being perhaps the only locality in Northwest England north of the Dee Estuary. Its hybrid with Sand Couch was already known from the southern part of the Park.

Casual observations in recent years have revealed other interesting native plant species in the Park including, in some years, dozens of Bee Orchids, especially on the lower parts of the two fixed dune mounds. Here, is also a large population of Rough Hawkbit, otherwise rare on the Sefton Coast. A marshy area adjacent to the boating lake supports important concentrations of Slender Spike-rush (Smith 2010b) and Southern Marsh-orchid, while the boating lake itself has dense growths of Fennel-leaved Pondweed (Appendix 5).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 7. Sea Couch, Crosby Baths carpark, July 2016

Non-native plants

Crosby Coastal Park has long been renowned for a wide variety of non-native plants, many having their only location on the Sefton Coast. At least 133 taxa have been listed since 2004 (Appendix 4), new ones being identified almost every year. Edmondson (1995) recorded an additional 18 taxa not seen subsequently. A high proportion of these plants originate from adjacent gardens and from the dumping of garden waste along the eastern boundary of the site. A few are of transient occurrence, though many have persisted for a decade or more. Of particular interest is the presence of at least five taxa of Evening-primrose (Oenothera). Originating mainly from North America in the 19^th century, these include the rare hybrid O. ×britannicum (Large-flowered × Small-flowered Evening-primrose). First seen in 2005, it was not identified until July 2016 when specimens were submitted to the national expert on this group, Rosemary Murphy. This striking plant (Fig. 8) is known from only about eight hectads in Britain (BSBI maps).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 8. Hybrid Evening-primrose Oenothera ×britannica, near Crosby Baths

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 9. Triplet Lily near Crosby Baths, June 2016

One of the garden escapes, the attractive Triplet Lily, is particularly rare nationally (Smith & Wilcox 2006), having been recorded in the wild at only one other locality. It was first noted in 2004 and was still present twelve years later (Fig. 9). It is important to note here that only two non-native species, Sea Buckthorn and Japanese Rose, have become invasive and problematic in the Park area.

Assessment

Crosby Coastal Park supports a remarkably high diversity of vascular plants. The Appendices list 200 native taxa, together with 159 non-native plants, making a grand total of 359 (44% alien). This is more than twice the number of plants mentioned in the LWS citation. However, it is likely that several species were missed as few visits were made in spring and common plants were not always recorded. Although the proportion of non-native taxa seems high, this is comparable to the 40% figure for the coastal zone as a whole (Smith 2015). Twenty-two (11%) of the natives are regionally or nationally notable (Table 1). This is a much smaller proportion than the 28% for the entire Sefton Coast (Smith 2015), probably because of the paucity of dune-slack vegetation which supports many notable species coastwide.

All coastal sand-dune habitats are listed on Annex 1 of the EU Habitats Directive, with fixed (grey) dunes afforded Priority Status. While much of the Sefton Coast sand-dune system is presently considered to be in unfavourable or unfavourable-recovering condition, the Crosby dunes probably qualify for favourable condition status, due to their immaturity, relative mobility, lack of scrub and high plant species-richness. Nevertheless, both dune ridges have been severely damaged by sand-extraction and uncontrolled recreational pressure, leading to sand-blow inland and the formation of blow-outs. However, the open nature of the habitat creates opportunities for a range of pioneer species, including the British endemic Isle of Man Cabbage, for which this is probably now the best site in the country (and therefore in the world). The Park is also nationally important as one of only two British localities for Dune Wormwood.

Although a high proportion of the Park’s area is amenity grassland, this has become markedly more species-rich over the last few decades, this increased diversity being assisted by relaxation of mowing frequency in some areas (Fig. 10). The wetland habitats associated with the boating lake and the nature reserve also contribute a wide range of additional plants, including several notable species.

Table 1. Regionally and nationally notable vascular plants recorded in the study area

 NR = Nationally Rare; NS = Nationally Scarce; NT = Near Threatened; WL = Waiting List; SCI = Species of Conservation Importance in North West England (italics = England Red List)

Taxon	English name	Status	Taxon	English name	Status
Artemisia campestris ssp. maritima	Dune Wormwood	NR, WL, WL	Juncus ranarius	Frog Rush	SCI
Centaurium pulchellum	Lesser Centaury	SCI	Myosotis ramosissima	Early Forget-me-not	SCI
Coincya monensis ssp. monensis	Isle of Man Cabbage	NS, SCI	Oenanthe lachenalii	Parsley Water-dropwort	NT, SCI
Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. coccinea	Early Marsh-orchid	NS, NT, SCI	Orobanche minor	Common Broomrape	SCI
Dactylorhiza purpurella	Northern Marsh-orchid	SCI	Phleum arenarium	Sand Cat’s-tail	NT, SCI
Eleocharis uniglumis	Slender Spike-rush	SCI	Puccinellia distans	Reflexed Saltmarsh-grass	SCI
Epipactis palustris	Marsh Helleborine	NT, SCI	Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani	Grey Club-rush	SCI
Eryngium maritimum	Sea Holly	NT, SCI	Senecio vulgaris ssp. denticulatus	Groundsel (coastal form)	NR
Euphorbia paralias	Sea Spurge	SCI	Stachys arvensis	Field Woundwort	NT, NT
Festuca arenaria	Rush-leaved Fescue	SCI	Triglochin palustris	Marsh Arrowgrass	NT, SCI
Fumaria bastardii	Tall Ramping-fumitory	SCI	Valerianella locusta	Common Cornsalad	SCI

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Fig. 10. Floristic diversity, Crosby Coastal Park, 2014

Conservation management

Much of the Park grassland is managed by regular mowing for recreational purposes, which restricts the variety of plantlife. However, as previously noted, the mowing regime has been relaxed in some areas in recent years, resulting in more varied vegetation (Fig. 9). About 0.4ha of sandy dune grassland 150m south of Crosby Baths was fenced off about a decade ago, leading to a diverse open sward with Evening-primroses and other duneland flora.

Sea Buckthorn and Japanese Rose scrub seem to be increasing and control of these invasive species, as elsewhere along the coast, is justified. The recently discovered population of Sea Couch near Crosby Baths is directly threatened by a spreading canopy of Sea Buckthorn.

Smith & Lockwood (2010) described an urgent need for active management of the frontal dune ridge at Crosby, including fencing the ridge with delineated routes from the promenade to the shore to reduce trampling pressure. They also suggested use of brushwood fencing to trap sand, coupled with Marram planting, the aim being to promote dune development westwards and reduce sand-blow onto the promenade which has required frequent mechanical clearance for many years. This problem might best be tackled through an integrated management plan for the Coastal Park which could also address similar issues affecting the inner dune ridge, including blow-out development in the northern section and sand-blow into the Marine Lake further south. Such management would also create more amenable surroundings for tourists visiting the Another Place artwork.

Further studies of the Park’s habitats and species seem justified. In particular, an update of the NVC survey is now long overdue, having last taken place in 2004.

Acknowledgements:

I am grateful to Mike Wilcox and Jesse Tregale for help in finding and identifying some of the plants. My thanks are also due to Patricia Lockwood for assistance in the field.

References:

Clement, E.J. (2006).  Could Artemisia campestris subsp. maritima be native?  BSBI

News 103: 4.

Edmondson, M.R., Edmondson, S.E. & Gateley, P.S. (1988). National sand dune vegetation

survey Sefton Coast. Division 1 Seaforth to Hightown. Nature Conservancy Council.

Edmondson, S. (1995). National Vegetation Classification and basic soil survey, Seaforth to Hall                       

Road, Crosby. Unpublished report, Sefton Coast & Countryside Archive.

Gateley, P. S. & Michell, P. E. (2004). Sand dune survey of the Sefton Coast. 

Report by TEP, Warrington to Sefton Metropolitan Borough Council, Bootle.

Smith, P.H. (2005). Botanical interest of Crosby Sand-dunes, Merseyside. Unpublished

report.

Smith, P.H. (2007). Successful translocation of Coincya monensis ssp. monensis on the

Sefton Coast, Merseyside.  BSBI News 106: 16-19.

Smith, P.H. (2008). Increase in Artemisia campestris ssp. maritima at Crosby sand dunes,

Merseyside.  BSBI News 107: 28-29.

Smith, P.H. (2010a). Sefton Coast rare plants. In: A.T. Worsley, G. Lymbery, V.J.C.

Holden & M. Newton  (eds.) Sefton’s Dynamic Coast, pp. 225-238. Sefton Technical

Services Department, Southport.

Smith, P.H. (2010b). Changing status of Eleocharis uniglumis on the Sefton Coast,

Merseyside (v.c. 59). BSBI News 115: 18-29.

Smith, P.H. (2012). Sefton Coast Landscape Partnership Scheme Coastal Trails Project

– Botanical Assessment. 1. Crosby Nature Trail. Unpublished report to Sefton Coast &

Countryside Service, Ainsdale.

Smith, P.H. (2015). A revision of the inventory of vascular plants for the Sefton Coast,

north Merseyside (v.c. 59, South Lancashire), with particular reference to the 2014 Red

List for England. BSBI News 129: 36-40.

Smith, P.H. & Lockwood, P.A. (2010). Sand-dunes on Crosby beach. Unpublished

report.

Smith, P.H. & Lockwood, P.A. (in press). Changing status of Coincya monensis ssp.

monensis (Isle of Man Cabbage) on the Sefton Coast (v.c. 59, South Lancashire). BSBI

News.

Smith, P.H. & Wilcox, M.P. (2006a). Artemisia campestris ssp. maritima, new to Britain,

on the Sefton Coast, Merseyside.  BSBI News103: 3

Smith, P.H. & Wilcox, M.P. (2006b). Another record of Triteleia laxa on Merseyside.

BSBI News 102: 49.

Smith, P.H., Wilcox, M.P. & Tregale B.A. (in press). Re-discovery of Elytrigia atherica

(Sea Couch) in v.c. 59 (South Lancashire). BSBI News.

Stace, C.A. (2010). New flora of the British Isles third edition. Cambridge University

Press, Cambridge.

Twibell, J.D. (2007).  On the status of Artemisia campestris ssp. maritima as a native.

BSBI News 104: 21-23.

 

 

Appendix 1.  Vascular plants of Crosby Coastal Park dune-ridges, 2005

r = rare; o = occasional; f = frequent; a = abundant; l = locally; v = very. NR = Nationally Rare; NS = Nationally Scarce; SCI = Species of Conservation Importance in North West England; NT = Near Threatened; WL = Waiting List (italics = England Red Data list) * = non-native / introduced taxon.

Taxon	English name	Freq.	Notable
Acer pseudoplatanus	Sycamore	r
Achillea millefolium	Yarrow	o
Agrostis capillaris	Common Bent	o
Agrostis stolonifera	Creeping Bent	lf
Aira caryophyllea	Silver Hair-grass	a
Aira praecox	Early Hair-grass	la
Alnus incana*	Grey Alder	r
Ammophila arenaria	Marram	a
Anisantha sterilis	Barren Brome	vlf
Anthoxanthum odoratum	Sweet Vernal-grass	o
Anthyllis vulneraria	Kidney Vetch	la
Apera interrupta*	Dense Silky-bent	vlf
Aquilegia vulgaris*	Columbine	r
Arctium minus	Lesser Burdock	r
Armoracia rusticana*	Horse-radish	r
Artemisia absinthium	Wormwood	r
Artemisia campestris ssp. maritima	Dune Wormwood	r	NR, WL, WL
Artemisia vulgaris	Mugwort	r
Bellis perennis	Daisy	vlf
Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima	Sea Beet	r
Blackstonia perfoliata	Yellow-wort	r
Brassica napus ssp. oleifera*	Oil-seed Rape	r
Bromus hordeaceus	Soft Brome	o
Cakile maritima	Sea Rocket	r
Carex arenaria	Sand Sedge	f
Carex otrubae	False Fox-sedge	r
Centaurium erythraea	Common Centaury	o
Cerastium fontanum	Common Mouse-ear	lf
Cerastium semidecandrum	Little Mouse-ear	lf
Chamerion angustifolium	Rosebay Willowherb	r
Chenopodium album	Fat-hen	r
Cirsium arvense	Creeping Thistle	f
Cirsium vulgare	Spear Thistle	o
Claytonia perfoliata*	Spring Beauty	vla
Cochlearia danica	Danish Scurvy-grass	r
Coincya monensis ssp. monensis	Isle of Man Cabbage	o	NS, SCI
Convallaria majus*	Lily-of-the-valley	r
Cotoneaster hjelmqvistii*	Hjelmqvist’s Cotoneaster	r
Crepis capillaris	Smooth Hawk’s-beard	o
Dactylis glomerata	Cock’s-foot	r
Dactylorhiza praetermissa	Southern Marsh-orchid	r
Dactylorhiza ×grandis	Hybrid Marsh-orchid	vlo
Diplotaxis muralis*	Annual Wall-rocket	r
Elytrigia juncea	Sand Couch	a
Elytrigia repens	Common Couch	r
Epilobium hirsutum	Great Willowherb	r
Epilobium parviflorum	Hoary Willowherb	vlo
Equisetum arvense	Field Horsetail	f
Erophila verna	Common Whitlowgrass	o
Eryngium maritimum	Sea-holly	lf	SCI, NT
Euphorbia helioscopia	Sun Spurge	r
Euphorbia paralias	Sea Spurge	lf	SCI
Fallopia convolvulus	Black-bindweed	r
Festuca brevipila*	Hard Fescue	la
Festuca ovina	Sheep’s-fescue	lf
Festuca rubra	Red Fescue	a
Galium aparine	Goose-grass	r
Geranium molle	Dove’s-foot Crane’s-bill	o
Glaux maritima	Sea Milkwort	vla
Hippophae rhamnoides*	Sea Buckthorn	vla
Hirschfeldia incana*	Hoary Mustard	lo
Holcus lanatus	Yorkshire Fog	o
Honckenya peploides	Sea Sandwort	lf
Hordeum murinum	Wall Barley	r
Hyacinthoides hispanica*	Spanish Bluebell	r
Hyacinthoides ×massartiana*	Hybrid Bluebell	r
Hypochaeris radicata	Cat’s-ear	f
Juncus articulatus	Jointed Rush	vlf
Juncus conglomeratus	Common Rush	vlo
Lavandula ×intermedia*	Garden Lavender	r
Leontodon hispidus	Rough Hawkbit	vlf
Leucanthemum vulgare	Oxeye Daisy	vlf
Leymus arenarius	Lyme-grass	a
Lolium perenne	Perennial Rye-grass	o
Lolium ×boucheanum	Hybrid Rye-grass	r
Lotus corniculatus	Bird’s-foot Trefoil	f
Lupinus arboreus*	Tree Lupin	lo
Luzula campestris	Field Wood-rush	o
Luzula multiflora ssp. congesta	Heath Wood-rush	r
Malva sylvestris	Common Mallow	r
Matricaria discoidea*	Pineapple-weed	r
Medicago lupulina	Black Medick	la
Medicago sativa*	Lucerne	lf
Melilotus alba*	White Melilot	la
Melilotus altissimus*	Tall Melilot	r
Melilotus officinalis*	Ribbed Melilot	r
Myosotis arvensis	Field Forget-me-not	r
Myosotis ramosissima	Early Forget-me-not	r	SCI
Oenanthe crocata	Hemlock Water-dropwort	r
Oenothera biennis*	Common Evening-primrose	lo
Oenothera cambrica*	Small-flowered Evening-primrose	lf
Oenothera ×fallax*	Intermediate Evening-primrose	lf
Oenothera glazioviana*	Large-flowered Evening-primrose	lf
Ononis repens	Common Restharrow	r
Papaver somniferum*	Opium Poppy	r
Persicaria amphibium	Amphibious Bistort	r
Phleum arenarium	Sand Cat’s-tail	vlf	SCI
Plantago coronopus	Buck’s-horn Plantain	lf
Plantago lanceolata	Ribwort Plantain	f
Plantago major	Greater Plantain	r
Poa annua	Annual Meadow-grass	lf
Poa humilis	Spreading Meadow-grass	o
Potentilla anserina	Silverweed	lf
Potentilla reptans	Creeping Cinquefoil	r
Rosa rugosa*	Japanese Rose	vla
Rubus caesius	Dewberry	vlf
Rumex acetosa	Common Sorrel	r
Rumex acetosella	Sheep’s Sorrel	la
Rumex crispus	Curled Dock	o
Rumex obtusifolius	Broad-leaved Dock	r
Rumex ×pratensis	Hybrid Dock	o
Sagina procumbens	Procumbent Pearlwort	o
Salix cinerea	Grey Willow	r
Salix viminalis	Osier	r
Salix ×fragilis*	Hybrid Crack-willow	r
Sambucus nigra	Elder	r
Saponaria officinalis*	Soapwort	r
Sedum acre	Biting Stone-crop	la
Senecio jacobaea	Common Ragwort	f
Senecio squalidus*	Oxford Ragwort	f
Senecio vulgaris	Groundsel	f
Silene latifolia	White Campion	r
Sisymbrium officinale	Hedge Mustard	r
Sisymbrium orientale*	Eastern Rocket	r
Solanum dulcamara	Bittersweet	r
Sonchus oleraceus	Smooth Sowthistle	o
Spergularia marina	Lesser Sea-spurrey	r
Stellaria media	Common Chickweed	r
Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia	Dandelion	f
Tragopogon pratensis	Goat’s-beard	r
Trifolium arvense	Hare’s-foot Clover	lf
Trifolium dubium	Lesser Trefoil	o
Trifolium pratense	Red Clover	o
Trifolium repens	White Clover	la
Triglochin palustris	Marsh Arrow-grass	r	SCI, NT
Tripleurospermum maritimum	Sea Mayweed	o
Tussilago farfara	Colt’s-foot	o
Ulex europaea	Gorse	r
Urtica dioica	Common Nettle	r
Vicia sativa	Common Vetch	o
Vicia sepium	Bush Vetch	o
Total 141 taxa

Appendix 2. Vascular plant list for Crosby Marine Lake nature reserve, August 2012

Taxon	English name	Freq.	Status
Agrostis stolonifera	Creeping Bent	a
Alnus glutinosa	Alder	la
Angelica archangelica*	Garden Angelica	r
Apium nodiflorum	Fool’s Water-cress	r
Aster sp.*	Michaelmas-daisy	la
Atriplex prostrata	Spear-leaved Orache	vlf
Bellis perennis	Daisy	r
Betula pendula	Silver Birch	r
Blackstonia perfoliata	Yellow-wort	r
Bolboschoenus maritimus	Sea Club-rush	la
Calystegia silvatica*	Great Bindweed	lf
Cardamine pratensis	Cuckoo-flower	lf
Carex flacca	Glaucous Sedge	la
Carex otrubae	False Fox-sedge	la
Centaurium erythraea	Common Centaury	lo
Cerastium fontanum	Common Mouse-ear	o
Cirsium arvense	Creeping Thistle	f
Cirsium vulgare	Spear Thistle	r
Convolvulus arvensis	Field Bindweed	r
Crepis capillaris	Smooth Hawk’s-beard	r
Cynosurus cristatus	Crested Dog’s-tail	r
Dactylis glomerata	Cock’s-foot	r
Dactylorhiza praetermissa	Southern Marsh-orchid	lf
Eleocharis palustris	Common Spike-rush	la
Elytrigia repens	Common Couch	r
Epilobium hirsutum	Great Willowherb	la
Epilobium parviflorum	Hoary Willowherb	o
Epilobium ×rivulare	Hybrid Willowherb	lf
Epipactis palustris	Marsh Helleborine	lf	SCI, NT
Equisetum arvense	Field Horsetail	a
Festuca rubra	Red Fescue	a
Filipendula ulmaria	Meadowsweet	o
Galium aparine	Cleavers	o
Galium palustre	Marsh Bedstraw	o
Glaux maritima	Sea Milkwort	lf
Hippophae rhamnoides*	Sea Buckthorn	la
Holcus lanatus	Yorkshire-fog	f
Iris pseudacorus	Yellow Iris	o
Juncus articulatus	Jointed Rush	f
Juncus bufonius	Toad Rush	r
Juncus conglomeratus	Common Rush	o
Juncus effusus	Soft Rush	o
Juncus inflexus	Hard Rush	lf
Lathyrus pratensis	Meadow Vetchling	f
Leontodon saxatilis	Lesser Hawkbit	lf
Lycopus europaeus	Gypsywort	lf
Lysimachia punctata*	Dotted Loosestrife	la
Lythrum salicaria	Purple Loosestrife	o
Medicago lupulina	Black Medic	r
Mentha aquatica	Water Mint	lf
Myosotis laxa	Tufted Vetch	lf
Odontites vernus	Red Bartsia	o
Oenanthe crocata	Hemlock Water-dropwort	o
Oenanthe lachenalii	Parsley Water-dropwort	la	SCI, NT
Ophrys apifera	Bee Orchid	r
Persicaria amphibia	Amphibious Bistort	o
Phalaris arundinacea	Reed Canary-grass	la
Phleum bertolonii	Smaller Cat’s-tail	r
Phleum pratense	Timothy	r
Phragmites australis	Common Reed	f
Plantago lanceolata	Ribwort Plantain	r
Plantago major	Great Plantain	o
Poa trivialis	Rough Meadow-grass	la
Potentilla anserina	Silverweed	f
Potentilla reptans	Creeping Cinquefoil	lf
Prunella vulgaris	Selfheal	r
Pulicaria dysenterica	Common Fleabane	o
Ranunculus acris	Meadow Buttercup	o
Ranunculus repens	Creeping Buttercup	f
Rosa rugosa*	Japanese Rose	r
Rubus caesius	Dewberry	r
Rubus fruticosus agg.	Bramble	lf
Rumex crispus	Curled Dock	o
Rumex sanguineum	Wood Dock	r
Sagina procumbens	Procumbent Pearlwort	r
Salix caprea	Goat Willow	r
Salix cinerea ssp. oleifolia	Grey Willow	o
Salix ×fragilis f. basfordiana*	Hybrid Crack-willow	lo
Salix ×smithiana*	Broad-leaved Osier	lf
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani	Grey Club-rush	r	SCI
Scrophularia sp.	Figwort	vla
Senecio jacobaea	Common Ragwort	o
Silene latifolia	White Campion	r
Solanum dulcamara	Bittersweet	lf
Sonchus arvensis	Perennial Sowthistle	o
Sonchus asper	Prickly Sowthistle	r
Stachys palustris	Marsh Woundwort	lf
Symphytum ×uplandicum*	Russian Comfrey	r
Taraxacum agg.	Dandelion	o
Tragopogon pratensis	Goat’s-beard	r
Trifolium dubium	Lesser Trefoil	r
Trifolium hybridum	Alsike Clover	o
Trifolium pratense	Red Clover	r
Trifolium repens	White Clover	f
Triglochin maritima	Sea Arrowgrass	lo
Tripleurospermum maritimum	Sea Mayweed	r
Tussilago farfara	Colt’s-foot	o
Typha latifolia	Bulrush	la
Urtica dioica	Common Nettle	o
Veronica serpyllifolia	Thyme-leaved Speedwell	r
Vicia cracca	Tufted Vetch	la
Total 101 taxa (9 alien)			3 notable

 

Other vascular plants recorded in 2004/05 which may still be present

Taxon	English name	Freq.	Status
Berula erecta	Lesser Water-parsnip	la
Dactylorhiza incarnata ssp. coccinea	Early Marsh-orchid	o	NS, NT, SCI
Dactylorhiza ×grandis	Hybrid Marsh-orchid	r
Juncus ranarius	Frog Rush	r	SCI
Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. maritimus	Sea Radish	r
Rumex ×pratensis	Hybrid Dock	r
Salix ×reichardtii	Hybrid Willow	r
Triglochin palustris	Marsh Arrowgrass	lo	SCI
			3 notable

 

Appendix 3. Vascular plants of Crosby shore dunes, those present on the back-slope of the central section being indicated #

Taxon	English name	Frequency	Status
Ammophila arenaria #	Marram	a
Anthyllis vulneraria #	Kidney-vetch	r
Artemisia vulgaris	Mugwort	r
Cakile maritima #	Sea Rocket	o
Chenopodium album #	Fat-hen	o
Cirsium arvense #	Creeping Thistle	f
Cirsium vulgare	Spear Thistle	r
Conyza sumatrensis*	Guernsey Fleabane	r
Crepis capillaris #	Smooth Hawk’s-beard	o
Elytrigia juncea #	Sand Couch	lf
Eryngium maritimum #	Sea Holly	o	SCI, NT
Euphorbia paralias #	Sea Spurge	o	SCI
Festuca rubra #	Red Fescue	a
Hirschfeldia incana* #	Hoary Mustard	r
Hypochaeris radicata #	Cat’s-ear	f
Leymus arenarius #	Lyme-grass	a
Lotus corniculatus #	Bird’s-foot-trefoil	o
Medicago sativa* #	Lucerne	r
Oenothera sp.* #	Evening-primrose	o
Plantago lanceolata #	Ribwort Plantain	o
Poa pratensis #	Smooth Meadow-grass	o
Rumex crispus #	Curled Dock	o
Salix ×reichardtii #	Hybrid Willow	r
Senecio jacobaea #	Common Ragwort	o
Senecio squalidus #	Oxford Ragwort	o
Senecio vulgaris #	Groundsel	r
Solanum lycopersicum* #	Tomato	r
Sonchus oleraceus #	Smooth Sowthistle	o
Taraxacum officinale agg. #	Dandelion	o
Tripleurospermum maritimum #	Sea Mayweed	o
Total 30 taxa (5 non-native)			2 notable

                                  

Appendix 4. Crosby Coastal Park – non-native and introduced vascular plants (2004 to July 2016)

Taxon	English name	First recorded
Agrostemma githago	Corncockle	6/14
Agrostemma gracile	Slender Corncockle	6/14
Allium schoenoprasum	Chives	6/04
Alnus incana	Grey Alder	10/05
Amaranthus retroflexus	Common Amaranth	8/04
Ammi majus	Bullwort	6/14
Angelica archangelica	Garden Angelica	8/04
Anisantha diandra	Great Brome	6/15
Antirrhinum majus	Snapdragon	9/15
Apera interrupta	Dense Silky-bent	6/11
Aquilegia vulgaris	Columbine	10/05
Argyranthemum frutescens	Canary Marguerite	7/16
Armoracia rusticana	Horse-radish	10/05
Aster novi-belgii	Confused Michaelmas-daisy	10/04
Aster x salignus	Common Michaelmas-daisy	10/04
Aubretia deltoidea	Aubretia	4/04
Avena sativa	Oat	6/12
Brassica napus ssp. oleifera	Oil-seed Rape	9/15
Borago officinalis	Borage	9/15
Bromopsis inermis	Hungarian Brome	7/16
Calendula officinalis	Pot Marigold	10/04
Calystegia silvatica	Great Bindweed	8/12
Centaurea cyanus	Cornflower
Centranthus ruber	Red Valerian
Claytonia perfoliata	Spring Beauty	10/05
Colchicum autumnalis	Autumn Crocus	9/15
Convallaria majus	Lily-of-the-valley	10/05
Conyza canadensis	Canadian Fleabane	8/04
Conyza sumatrensis	Guernsey Fleabane	10/10
Cortaderia richardii	Early Pampas-grass	9/15
Cosmos bipinnatus	Mexican Aster	9/15
Cotoneaster divaricatus	Spreading Cotoneaster	9/15
Cotoneaster hjelmqvistii	Hjelmqvist’s Cotoneaster	7/05
Cotoneaster lacteus	Late Cotoneaster	8/04
Cotoneaster simonsii	Himalayan Cotoneaster	9/15
Crambe cordifolia	Greater Sea-kale	6/14
Crinum ×powellii	Powell’s Cape-lily	8/04
Cyperus eragrostis	Pale Galingale	9/07
Cyperus longus	Galingale	9/06
Dianthus sp. (cultivar)	Pink	6/04
Diplotaxis muralis	Annual Wall-rocket	7/05
Dipsacus fullonum	Teasel	6/04
Erigeron glaucus	Seaside Daisy	6/04
Escallonia micrantha	Escallonia	7/16
Eschscholzia californica	Californian Poppy	6 14
Euonymus japonicus	Evergreen Spindle	6/04
Euphorbia characias	Mediterranean Spurge	7/04
Festuca brevipila	Hard Fescue	10/05
Foeniculum vulgare	Fennel	7/04
Fragaria ×ananassa	Garden Strawberry	8/04
Gaillardia grandiflora	Blanketflower	6/07
Geranium ×magnificum	Purple Crane’s-bill	6/04
Geranium sanguineum	Bloody Crane’s-bill	6/04
Gypsophila paniculata	Baby-s-breath	8/04
Hamamelis japonica	Japanese Witch-hazel	9/15
Helianthus annuus	Sunflower	7/08
Helianthus ×laetiflorus	Perennial Sunflower	9/15
Hemerocallis fulva	Orange Day-lily	7/06
Hieracium fictum	Hawkweed	5/12
Hippophae rhamnoides	Sea Buckthorn	10/05
Hirschfeldia incana	Hoary Mustard	9/04
Hordeum distichon	Two-rowed Barley	7/16
Hyacinthoides hispanica	Spanish Bluebell	10/05
Hyacinthoides ×massartiana	Hybrid Bluebell	10/05
Hydrangea macrophylla	Hydrangea	9/15
Iris germanica	Bearded Iris	5/04
Lactuca serriola	Prickly Lettuce	6/14
Lathyrus latifolius	Broad-leaved Everlasting-pea	6/14
Lavandula ×intermedia	Garden Lavender	4/04
Lavandula angustifolia	Garden Lavender	9/15
Lavandula stoechas	French Lavender	9/15
Lavatera thuringiaca	Garden Tree-mallow	9/07
Linaria purpurea 'Canon J. Went'	Purple Toadflax	9/15
Linum usitatissimum	Flax	6/15
Lobelia erinus	Garden Lobelia	6/04
Lobularia maritima	Sweet Alison	9/15
Lupinus arboreus	Tree Lupin	10/05
Lycium barbarum	Duke of Argyll’s Tea-plant	6/14
Lysimachia punctata	Dotted Loosestrife	8/04
Malcolmia maritima	Virginia Stock	9/15
Matricaria discoidea	Pineapple-weed	10/05
Matthiola incana	Hoary Stock	4/04
Medicago sativa	Lucerne	7/04
Melilotus alba	White Melilot	7/04
Melilotus altissimus	Tall Melilot	01/05
Melilotus officinalis	Ribbed Melilot	10/05
Mentha ×villosa	Apple Mint	4/04
Mirabilis jalapa	Marvel-of-Peru	9/15
Miscanthus sp.	Miscanthus	8/04
Muscari armeniacum	Garden Grape-hyacinth	4/04
Nigella damascena	Love-in-a-mist	6/04
Oenothera ×britannica	Hybrid Evening-primrose	7/16
Oenothera biennis	Common Evening-primrose	7/04
Oenothera cambrica	Small-flowered Evening-primrose	9/15
Oenothera fallax	Intermediate Evening-primrose	7/04
Oenothera glazioviana	Large-flowered Evening-primrose	7/04
Olearia macrodonta	New Zealand Holly	7/04
Origanum vulgare	Marjoram	8/08
Oxalis articulata	Pink-sorrel	6/04
Papaver pseudoorientale	Oriental Poppy	6/04
Papaver rhoeas var. hoffmanniana	Common Poppy	6/07
Papaver somniferum	Opium Poppy	6/14
Persicaria amplexicaulis	Red Bistort	9/04
Pilosella aurantiaca	Fox-and-cubs	9/15
Prunus dulcis	Almond	9/15
Pseudosasa japonica	Arrow Bamboo	7/04
Reseda alba	White Mignonette	9/15
Rosa ×rothschildii	Hybrid Dog-rose	9/15
Rosa rugosa	Japanese Rose	10/05
Rosa spinosissima	Burnet Rose (cultivar)	7/16
Rosa virginiana	Virginian Rose	9/15
Salix ×fragilis	Hybrid Crack-willow	6/04
Salix ×fragilis forma basfordiana	Hybrid Crack-willow	6/04
Santolina chamaecyparissus	Lavender-cotton	7/04
Saponaria officinalis	Soapwort	10/05
Sedum “Herbstfreude”	Sedum “Autumn Joy”	10/04
Sedum rupestre	Reflexed Stonecrop	7/04
Senecio squalidus	Oxford Ragwort	5/15
Setaria viridis	Green Bristle-grass	8/04
Silene coeli-rosa	Rose-of-heaven	9/15
Silene coronaria	Rose Campion	6/14
Sisymbrium orientale	Eastern Rocket	6/07
Solanum lycopersicum	Tomato	10/10
Solanum tuberosum	Potato	9/07
Sorbus aria agg.	White-beam	7/16
Sorbus croceocarpa	Broad-leaved Whitebeam	9/15
Sorbus intermedia	Swedish Whitebeam	7/16
Spiraea ×cinerea	Bridewort	6/06
Stachys arvensis	Field Woundwort	9/15
Symphytum ×hidcotense	Hidcote Comfrey	5/04
Symphytum ×uplandicum	Russian Comfrey	8/12
Thalictrum minus	Lesser Meadow-rue	9/15
Tristagma uniflorum	Spring Starflower	7/04
Triteleia laxa	Triplet Lily	7/04
Triticum aestivum	Bread Wheat	6/04
Tropaeolum majus	Nasturtium	9/15
Verbena bonariensis	Argentinean Vervain	7/16
Veronica filiformis	Slender Speedwell	7/04
Veronica longifolia × V. spicata	Hybrid Speedwell	6/14
Vicia faba	Broad Bean	5/12
Vitis vinifera	Grape-vine	8/04
Total 141 taxa

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Appendix 5. Additional non-native species listed by Edmondson (1995)

Taxon	English name
Ajuga reptans (cultivar)	Bugle
Berberis sp.	Barberry
Cerastium tomentosum	Snow-in-summer
Crocosmia ×crocosmiiflora	Montbretia
×Cupressocyparis leylandii	Leyland Cypress
Erysimum cheiri	Wallflower
Fallopia baldschuanica	Russian Vine
Heuchera sanguinea	Coral-bells
Kniphofia uvaria	Red-hot-poker
Leucanthemum ×superbum	Shasta Daisy
Leycesteria formosa	Himalayan Honeysuckle
Limnanthes douglasii	Meadow-foam
Populus alba	White Poplar
Pseudofumaria lutea	Yellow Corydalis
Saponaria ocymoides	Rock Soapwort
Senecio cinerea	Silver Ragwort
Tulipa gesneriana	Garden Tulip
Viola ×wittrockiana	Garden Pansy

 

Appendix 6. Other taxa mentioned in the text, or recorded on other occasions

Taxon	English name	First recorded
Alopecurus geniculatus	Marsh Foxtail	6/11
Arenaria serpyllifolia	Thyme-leaved Sandwort	5/15
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum	Black Spleenwort	6/11
Asplenium ruta-muraria	Wall-rue	6/11
Asplenium trichomanes	Maidenhair Spleenwort	6/11
Centaurium scabiosa	Greater Knapweed	8/08
Centaurium pulchellum SCI	Lesser Centaury	8/08
Cerastium diffusum	Sea Mouse-ear	5/15
Dactylorhiza fuchsii	Common Spotted-orchid	6/10
Dactylorhiza purpurella SCI	Northern Marsh-orchid	6/15
Eleocharis uniglumis SCI	Slender Spike-rush	5/10
Elytrigia ×acuta	Hybrid Couch	9/10
Elytrigia atherica	Sea Couch	7/16
Festuca arenaria SCI	Rush-leaved Fescue	6/16
Fumaria bastardii SCI	Tall Ramping-fumitory	9/15
Fumaria muralis	Common Ramping-fumitory	9/15
Geranium dissectum	Cut-leaved Crane’s-bill	6/07
Geranium lucidum	Shining Crane’s-bill	9/07
Honckenya peploides	Sea Sandwort	6/14
Isolepis setacea	Bristle Club-rush	8/08
Myosotis discolor	Changing Forget-me-not	6/12
Orobanche minor SCI	Common Broomrape	7/16
Parietaria judaica	Pellitory-of-the-wall	9/15
Potamogeton pectinatus	Fennel-leaved Pondweed	7/16
Puccinellia distans SCI	Reflexed Saltmarsh-grass	8/08
Raphanus raphanistrum ssp. raphanistrum	Wild Radish	6/07
Senecio vulgaris ssp. denticulatus NR	Groundsel (coastal form)	5/15
Sorbus aucuparia	Rowan	7/16
Stachys arvensis NT NT	Field Woundwort	9/15
Stellaria graminea	Lesser Stitchwort	6/07
Valerianella locusta SCI	Lamb’s-lettuce	6/12
Vicia hirsuta	Hairy Tare	6/11